Spring Boot集成gRPC框架
gRPC是谷歌开源的高性能、开源、通用RPC框架。由于gRPC基于HTTP2协议,所以其对移动端非常友好。
本节将介绍Spring Boot集成gRPC的服务端、客户端。
安装protoc及gRPC
gRPC默认使用[Protocol Buffers](Protocol Buffers | Google Developers)做为序列化协议,我们首先安装protoc编译器:
在这里下载最新版本的protoc编译器,请根据你的操作系统选择对应版本,这里我选用MacOSX的。
wget https://github.com/protocolbuffers/protobuf/releases/download/v3.17.3/protoc-3.17.3-osx-x86_64.zip
unzip protoc-3.17.3-osx-x86_64.zip
解压缩后,将其加入PATH路径下:
export PATH=$PATH:$YOUR_PROTOC_PATH
试一下是能否执行:
protoc --version
libprotoc 3.17.3
除此之外,我们还需要一个gRPC的Java插件,才能生成gRPC的桩代码,你可以在[这里](Maven Central Repository Search)找到最新版本。这里我们依然选择OSX的64位版本:
wget https://search.maven.org/remotecontent?filepath=io/grpc/protoc-gen-grpc-java/1.40.1/protoc-gen-grpc-java-1.40.1-osx-x86_64.exe
下载后,将其加入PATH路径中。尝试定位一下:
which protoc-gen-grpc-java
Your_Path/protoc-gen-grpc-java
至此,protoc和grpc的安装准备工作已经就绪。
Client侧集成
首先是集成依赖,我们放在client子项目的builld.gradle中:
implementation 'com.google.protobuf:protobuf-java:3.17.3'
implementation "io.grpc:grpc-stub:1.39.0"
implementation "io.grpc:grpc-protobuf:1.39.0"
implementation 'io.grpc:grpc-netty-shaded:1.39.0'
由于版本依赖较多,我建议使用platform统一管理,可以参考前文。
接着,我们编写protoc文件,HomsDemo.proto:
syntax = "proto3";
option java_package = "com.coder4.homs.demo";
option java_outer_classname = "HomsDemoProto";
;
message AddRequest {
int32 val1 = 1;
int32 val2 = 2;
}
message AddResponse {
int32 val = 1;
}
message AddSingleRequest {
int32 val = 1;
}
service HomsDemo {
rpc Add(AddRequest) returns (AddResponse);
rpc Add2(stream AddSingleRequest) returns (AddResponse);
}
我们添加了两个RPC方法:
-
Add是正常的调用
-
Add2是单向Stream调用
接着,我们需要编译,生成桩文件:
#!/bin/sh
DIR=`cd \`dirname ${BASH_SOURCE[0]}\`/.. && pwd`
protoc HomsDemo.proto --java_out=${DIR}/homs-demo-client/src/main/java --proto_path=${DIR}/homs-demo-client/src/main/java/com/coder4/homs/demo/
protoc HomsDemo.proto --plugin=protoc-gen-grpc-java=`which protoc-gen-grpc-java` --grpc-java_out=${DIR}/homs-demo-client/src/main/java --proto_path=${DIR}/homs-demo-client/src/main/java/com/coder4/homs/demo/
这里分为两个步骤:
-
第一次protoc编译,生成protoc的桩文件
-
第二次protoc编译,使用了protoc-gen-grpc-java的插件,生成gRPC的服务端和客户端文件
编译成功后,路径如下:
homs-demo-client
├── build.gradle
└── src
└── main
└── java
└── com
└── coder4
└── homs
└── demo
├── HomsDemo.proto
├── HomsDemoGrpc.java
└── HomsDemoProto.java
如上所示:HomsDemoProto是protoc的桩文件,HomsDemoGrpc是gRPC服务的桩文件。
下面我们来编写客户端代码,HomsDemoClient.java:
package com.coder4.homs.demo.client;
import com.coder4.homs.demo.HomsDemoGrpc;
import com.coder4.homs.demo.HomsDemoProto.AddRequest;
import com.coder4.homs.demo.HomsDemoProto.AddResponse;
import com.coder4.homs.demo.HomsDemoProto.AddSingleRequest;
import io.grpc.Channel;
import io.grpc.ManagedChannel;
import io.grpc.ManagedChannelBuilder;
import io.grpc.StatusRuntimeException;
import io.grpc.stub.StreamObserver;
import org.slf4j.Logger;
import org.slf4j.LoggerFactory;
import java.util.Arrays;
import java.util.Collection;
import java.util.Optional;
import java.util.concurrent.CountDownLatch;
import java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit;
import java.util.concurrent.atomic.AtomicLong;
/**
* @author coder4
*/
public class HomsDemoClient {
private Logger LOG = LoggerFactory.getLogger(HomsDemoClient.class);
private final HomsDemoGrpc.HomsDemoBlockingStub blockingStub;
private final HomsDemoGrpc.HomsDemoStub stub;
/**
* Construct client for accessing HelloWorld server using the existing channel.
*/
public HomsDemoClient(Channel channel) {
blockingStub = HomsDemoGrpc.newBlockingStub(channel);
stub = HomsDemoGrpc.newStub(channel);
}
public Optional<Integer> add(int val1, int val2) {
AddRequest request = AddRequest.newBuilder().setVal1(val1).setVal2(val2).build();
AddResponse response;
try {
response = blockingStub.add(request);
return Optional.ofNullable(response.getVal());
} catch (StatusRuntimeException e) {
LOG.error("RPC failed: {0}", e.getStatus());
return Optional.empty();
}
}
public Optional<Integer> add2(Collection<Integer> vals) {
try {
CountDownLatch cdl = new CountDownLatch(1);
AtomicLong respVal = new AtomicLong();
StreamObserver<AddSingleRequest> requestStreamObserver =
stub.add2(new StreamObserver<AddResponse>() {
@Override
public void onNext(AddResponse value) {
respVal.set(value.getVal());
}
@Override
public void onError(Throwable t) {
cdl.countDown();
}
@Override
public void onCompleted() {
cdl.countDown();
}
});
for (int val : vals) {
requestStreamObserver.onNext(AddSingleRequest.newBuilder().setVal(val).build());
}
requestStreamObserver.onCompleted();
try {
cdl.await(1, TimeUnit.SECONDS);
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
return Optional.ofNullable(respVal.intValue());
} catch (StatusRuntimeException e) {
LOG.error("RPC failed: {0}", e.getStatus());
return Optional.empty();
}
}
}
代码如上所示:Add还是相对简单的,但是使用了Stream的Add2就比较复杂了。
在上述代码中,需要传入Channel做为连接句柄,在假设知道IP和端口的情况下,可以如下构造:
String target = "127.0.0.1:5000";
ManagedChannel channel = null;
try {
channel = ManagedChannelBuilder
.forTarget(target)
.usePlaintext()
.build();
} catch (Exception e) {
LOG.error("open channel excepiton", e);
return;
}
HomsDemoClient client = new HomsDemoClient(channel);
在微服务架构下,实例众多,获取每个IP显得不太实际,我们会在后续章节介绍集成服务发现的Channel构造方案。
Server侧集成
老套路,首先是依赖集成:
implementation 'com.google.protobuf:protobuf-java:3.17.3'
implementation "io.grpc:grpc-stub:1.39.0"
implementation "io.grpc:grpc-protobuf:1.39.0"
implementation 'io.grpc:grpc-netty-shaded:1.39.0'
与上述客户端的集成完全一致。
接下来我们实现RPC的服务逻辑:
/**
* @(#)HomsDemoImpl.java, 8月 12, 2021.
* <p>
* Copyright 2021 coder4.com. All rights reserved.
* CODER4.COM PROPRIETARY/CONFIDENTIAL. Use is subject to license terms.
*/
package com.coder4.homs.demo.server.grpc;
import com.coder4.homs.demo.HomsDemoGrpc.HomsDemoImplBase;
import com.coder4.homs.demo.HomsDemoProto.AddRequest;
import com.coder4.homs.demo.HomsDemoProto.AddResponse;
import com.coder4.homs.demo.HomsDemoProto.AddSingleRequest;
import io.grpc.stub.StreamObserver;
/**
* @author coder4
*/
public final class HomsDemoGrpcImpl extends HomsDemoImplBase {
@Override
public void add(AddRequest request, StreamObserver<AddResponse> responseObserver) {
responseObserver.onNext(AddResponse.newBuilder()
.setVal(request.getVal1() + request.getVal2())
.build());
responseObserver.onCompleted();
}
@Override
public StreamObserver<AddSingleRequest> add2(StreamObserver<AddResponse> responseObserver) {
return new StreamObserver<AddSingleRequest>() {
int sum = 0;
@Override
public void onNext(AddSingleRequest value) {
sum += value.getVal();
}
@Override
public void onError(Throwable t) {
}
@Override
public void onCompleted() {
responseObserver.onNext(AddResponse.newBuilder()
.setVal(sum)
.build());
sum = 0;
responseObserver.onCompleted();
}
};
}
}
这里要特别说明,因为gRPC都是异步回调的方式,所以其RPC在实现上有点反直觉:
-
通过responseObserver.onNext返回调用结果
-
通过responseObserver.onCompleted结束调用
而add2方法,由于采用了Client-Streaming,所以实现会更加复杂一些。
实际上,gRPC支持[4种调用模式](Generated-code reference | Java | gRPC):
-
Unary: 客户端单输入,服务端单输出
-
Client-Streaming: 客户端多输入,服务端单输出
-
Server-Streaming: 客户端单输入,服务端多输出
-
Bidirectional-Streaming: 客户端多输入,服务端多输出
由于篇幅所限,本文种只实现了前2种,推荐你手动实现另外的两种模式。